Biography of Marvin Stone, Inventor of Drinking Straws

Marvin Stone (April 4, 1842–May 17, 1899) was an inventor who is best known for inventing, patenting, and producing the spiral winding process to manufacture the first paper drinking straws. Before his straws, beverage drinkers were using the natural rye grass or hollow reed straws. Fast Facts: Marvin C. Stone Known For: Invention of the paper drinking strawBorn: April 4, 1842 in Rootstown, OhioParents: Chester Stone and his wife RachelDied: May 17, 1899 in Washington, D.C.Education: Oberlin College (1868–1871), TheologySpouse: Jane E. (Jennie) Platt, of Baltimore Maryland (m. January 7, 1875)Children: Lester Marvin Stone Early Life Marvin Chester Stone was born on April 4, 1842, in Rootstown, Portage County, Ohio, the son of another inventor, Chester Stone and his wife Rachel. Chester Stone was an inventor himself, having invented the washing machine and a cheese press. In the 1840s, Chester moved his family to Ravenna, Ohio, where Marvin went to high school. After high school, he started to pursue a degree at Oberlin College, but when the Civil War broke out in 1861, he mustered into service as a private in the Seventh Regiment of Company C, of the Ohio Volunteer Infantry. He fought at Gettysburg and Chancellorsville, and was wounded and disabled from active duty in the Battle of Lookout Mountain, near Chattanooga, Tennessee on Nov. 24, 1863. He eventually transferred to the Veterans Reserve Corps and was sent to Washington, D.C. on December 1, 1864, where he stayed in special services until he was mustered out on August 7, 1865. After the war, he returned to Ohio and in 1868 enrolled at Oberlin College as a music major, but he ultimately graduated from the College of Theology in 1871. He was then a newspaper journalist in the Washington, D.C. area for several years. On January 7, 1875, he married Jane E. Jennie Platt: they had one child, Lester Marvin Stone. Inventive Life Marvin Stone began to imply his inventive nature into his business life in the late 1870s, when he invented a machine for making paper cigarette holders. He started a factory on Ninth Street in Washington, D.C. to supply a major contractor, W. Duke Sons and companys Cameo brand of cigarette holders. His paper straw invention was the result of a problem Stone recognized: people used natural materials—rye grass and reeds—to consume cold liquids, which sometimes brought an additional taste and odor to the drink involved. Further, the grass and reeds were often cracked and grew musty. Stone made his prototype straw by winding strips of paper around a pencil and gluing it together. He then experimented with paraffin-coated manila paper, so the straws would not become soggy while someone was drinking. Marvin Stone decided the ideal straw was 8.5 inches long with a diameter just wide enough to prevent things like lemon seeds from being lodged in the tube. Stone Straw Corporation The product was patented on January 3, 1888. By 1890, his factory was producing more straws than cigarette holders. The company was housed in a large manufacturing establishment at 1218-1220 F Street, N.W. in Washington, D.C. On February 6, 1896, Stone applied for two U.S. patents (585,057, and 585,058) for a machine that made artificial straws made of paper; the patents were published in June 22, 1897. Stone was reported to be a kind and generous employer, looking after the moral and social condition of his working girls, and supplying them with a library, music room, meeting room for debates, and a dancing floor in the F Street building. Stone died on May 17, 1899, before his machines were brought into production. The company continued under the leadership of his brothers-in-law L.B. and W.D. Platt. They fought off a patent infringement case in 1902 against William Thomas of the American Straw Company; Thomas was a former employee. In 1906, the first machine was put into production by the Stone Straw Corporation to machine-wind straws, ending the hand-winding process. Later, other kinds of spiral-wound paper and non-paper products were made. Public domain (printed in the  The Home Furnishing Review, 1899) Impact on Other Industries In 1928, electrical engineers began to use spiral-wound tubes in the first mass-produced radios. All were made by the same process invented by Stone. Spiral-wound tubing is now found everywhere—in electric motors, electrical apparatus, electronic devices, electronic components, aerospace, textile, automotive, fuses, batteries, transformers, pyrotechnics, medical packaging, product protection, and packaging applications. Bendable straws, articulated straws, or bendy straws have a concertina-type hinge near the top for bending the straw into a more favorable angle for sipping. Joseph Friedman invented the bendy straw in 1937. Death Stone died at his Washington, D.C. home on May 17, 1899, following a lengthy illness. His remains were buried at Baltimores Green Mount Cemetery. Legacy Stone took out several patents in his life—in addition to the cigarette holders and straws, he invented a fountain pen and an umbrella, and his last invention was for adding color to fine china—but he was also said to be a philanthropist. His factories employed several hundred people, and he was involved with building two blocks of tenement housing in Washington, D.C. to provide good housing for African-American people in the city. He also did very well for himself and his family, building a home named Cliffburn in Washington Heights, where he and his wife held social events that included Sen. Lyman R. Casey, whose wife was the sister of Stones wife. Marvin Stone died before his patented manufacturing process was in production, but the company that Marvin Stone created is still in operation as the Stone Straw Company. Today they produce a variety of types of straws including eco-friendly straws which are bio-degradable and made of paper. Sources Obituary: Marvin C. Stone. The Home Furnishing Review 15, 1899. 323.Death of Marvin C. Stone: Inventor and Manufacturer and Veteran of the Civil War. Evening Star (Washington DC), May 18, 1899.  Catalogue of Oberlin College for the College Year 1868–9. Springfield, Ohio: Republic Steam Printing Company, 1868.  Catalogue of Oberlin College for the College Year 1871–72. Springfield, Ohio: Republic Steam Printing Company, 1871.  Thompson, Derek. The Amazing History and the Strange Invention of the Bendy Straw. The Atlantic, Nov. 22, 2011.  Wilson, Lawrence. Stone, Marvin C., Private. Itinerary of the Seventh Ohio Volunteer Infantry, 1861-1864: With Roster, Portraits and Biographies. New York: The Neale Publishing Company, 1907. 440-441

E P Of Oil And Gas - 831 Words

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Potential investors will also be reluctant of investing in such a company when there are clear signs that the management has not been able to find what it was looking form and the company may have a difficult time trying to convince financial institutions to give it loans or invest in the company. The primary source of these uncertainties is the geological models as well as engineering and economic models that are exposed to high-risk scenarios of decision-making. Research have shown that most of the risks are associated with the fact that there is noShow MoreRelatedThe Oil And Gas E P Industry1556 Words   |  7 PagesThe oil and gas EP industry started back in 1859, when the Pennsylvania Rock Oil Company of New York regrouped as Seneca Oil Company, found the first ever marketable oil near Titusville, Pennsylvania. Edwin Drake, a former railroad man, discovered a great amount of oil in his well that was refined into kerosene, a petroleum product. 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Newly Joined Health Care Workers to Promote Awareness

Question: Discuss about the Newly Joined Health Care Workers to Promote Awareness of Good Hand Hygiene Practices. Answer: Introduction Health care-associated infection (HCAI) has been persisting as a major issue in the last few years as almost every healthcare setting is facing negative health outcomes like mortality, morbidity and increased cost of healthcare. Handwashing has been indicated as the most effective way to prevent the rising incidences of health care- associated infections. However, research has indicated that healthcare workers are not adhering to the hand washing techniques to the extent desired (Zingg et al., 2015). The present writing focuses on the reasons why there is a lesser emphasis on hand hygiene in the healthcare setting, therefore leading to unsafe practice. The next section of the paper would outline the ways in which a new employee can help in the reduction of the undesirable outcomes. The focus of the paper would be on National Safety and Quality Health Service Standards (NSHQS) 3.1. Why there is lesser emphasis on hand hygiene in the healthcare setting, therefore leading to unsafe practice Healthcare worker compliance with hand washing guidelines has been known to be a cornerstone of ideal infection control practices. However, a rich pool of literature has indicated that healthcare workers, especially those who have recently joined any health care setting, do not strictly follow the hand hygiene protocols (Dai et al., 2015). The reason for healthcare workers to have this negative approach towards hand washing is multi-faceted. Firstly, a worker going for a hand wash might not be getting a sanitizer os soap at their disposal. Some workers have an attitude that washing hands often would lead to drying out of their skin. For others, they might need more convincing that had washing is essential. Lastly, hand hygiene might be at times overlooked due to the fact that the other responsibilities and duties the workers have demanded more attention in a healthcare setting that is often chaotic. A number of challenging aspects of the regular duties of a healthcare worker compel t hem to neglect hand washing procedure at a regular interval. Many healthcare settings lack leadership, and such poor leadership leads to a poor overseeing of proper adherence to set guidelines for the workers. The intension of improving knowledge and compliance to hand washing have been incorporated in many settings against this background (Pan et al., 2013). How new employee can help in reducing the outcome The National Safety and Quality Health Service Standards (NSHQS) are the set of guidelines for achieving better healthcare results. NHSQ Standard 3 outlines the guidelines for prevention and control of HCAI. As per this standard clinical leaders in collaboration with senior managers of a healthcare organisation need to implement systems for the prevention and management of healthcare associated infections. It is their responsibility to communicate the management practices to the entire healthcare workforce for achieving appropriate outcomes. As per the NHSQ Standard 3.1 better outcomes can be achieved by development and implementation of governance systems for effective infection control in order to reduce the risks of infections. Risk management approach pertaining to infection control could be taken while implementing the policies and protocols of hand washing. Such protocols would need to focus on standard infection control measures and aseptic technique. There is a need for regul ar monitoring of the implemented policies. The monitoring is to be done based upon effective monitoring tools. The effectiveness of the hand washing procedures has to be reviewed at the highest level of governance in the setting. Advanced actions are to be taken for improving the effectiveness of the implemented policies and procedures (safetyandquality.gov.au, 2012). Research has suggested that behavioural theory framework can be utilised adequately for bringing positive changes in behaviours of individuals. This can be applied to the healthcare settings for bringing changes in the desired behaviours of the healthcare workers. With regards to the behaviour of hand washing, this theory can be applied. This approach would help to develop the knowledge translation interventions known to be more successful in bringing improvement in hand hygiene practice (Reyes Fernndez etla., 2016). As stated by Al-Tawfiq and Pittet (2013) compliance rate to hand washing techniques has a major link with the system design and easy access to hand hygiene products. Healthcare worker initiative, complex behavioural considerations and system change seem to take the forefront. John Keller's (ARCS) Model of Motivational Design, Transtheoretical Model (TTM) of health behaviour change, and the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) can be applied for the promotion of hand hygiene . The TTM of health behaviour would help to tailor interventions for prediction and motivation of individual movements. A program can be constructed on the basis of the theory with intercalations with TPB and ARCS. This would strengthen the promotion of hand hygiene. An organisational cultural change would aid in this process. TPB can be modelled with the creation of peer pressure, mentoring for increased ability to overcome challenges and impartment of education that can lead to the fulfilment of the objective. As stated by Srigley et al., (2015) with the progress of the science of hand washing procedures, better and novice ways are being implemented for avoiding the cross-transmission of pathogens that lead to nosocomial infections. Participants of healthcare settings, mainly the healthcare workers need to evaluate their performances on a regular basis in this regard. The duty of the supervisors is to monitor the changes in hand hygiene behaviours. They also have the duty to act as the role model. Maintenence of these changed behaviour is crucial on the long run, and this is a fundamental characteristic in the majority of the care settings involving the health care workers. Nurses with proper clinical reasoning skills have the capability to have a positive impact on patient outcomes. This is important when viewed against the backdrop of increasing number of poor patient outcomes. The clinical reasoning cycle by T. Levett-Jones is a model that enables nurses to understand the patient problem and deliver the best care services. The different steps of the clinical reasoning theory are considering the patient situation, collection of cues, processing of information, identification of issues, the establishment of goals, taking actions, evaluation of outcomes, and lastly reflection on the overall process and new learning. Following this cycle, a nurse can achieve effective hand washing procedure that can result in a better patient outcome. The patients condition is to be considered. The information of the patient pertaining to risks of infection is to be collected. The information is to be processed, and the potential problems are to be identified. Establishi ng goals would be the next step that would make the nurse adhere to adequate hand washing procedure. The nurse would then use the suitable hand washing material and continue doing so at the required interval of time. The evaluation of the outcome would be done through assessment of the effectiveness of hand washing as indicated by the reduction of infection of the patient. Lastly, it is necessary that the nurse reflects on the whole procedure and applies the learning to future practices (Burbach et a., 2015). Conclusion In conclusion, hand hygiene is a significant indicator of quality and safety of care delivered to patients in health care settings. Substantial evidence points out the correlation between the low rate of HCAI and good hand hygiene practices. Health care workers must address the issue and adhere to the set guidelines for achieving the set targets of better patient outcomes. Increased knowledge, enhanced awareness and a strong belief that the desired behaviours can be performed have the potential to bring actual changes in the present scenario. References Al-Tawfiq, J. A., Pittet, D. (2013). Improving hand hygiene compliance in healthcare settings using behavior change theories: reflections.Teaching and learning in medicine,25(4), 374-382. Burbach, B. E., Barnason, S., Hertzog, M. (2015). Preferred thinking style, symptom recognition, and response by nursing students during simulation.Western journal of nursing research,37(12), 1563-1580. Dai, H., Milkman, K. L., Hofmann, D. A., Staats, B. R. (2015). The impact of time at work and time off from work on rule compliance: The case of hand hygiene in health care.Journal of Applied Psychology,100(3), 846. National Safety and Quality Health Service Standards. (2012).safetyandquality.gov.au. Retrieved 3 April 2017, from https://www.safetyandquality.gov.au/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/NSQHS-Standards-Sept-2012.pdf Pan, S. C., Tien, K. L., Hung, I. C., Lin, Y. J., Sheng, W. H., Wang, M. J., ... Chen, Y. C. (2013). Compliance of health care workers with hand hygiene practices: independent advantages of overt and covert observers.PLoS One,8(1), e53746. Reyes Fernndez, B., Knoll, N., Hamilton, K., Schwarzer, R. (2016). Social-cognitive antecedents of hand washing: Action control bridges the planningbehaviour gap.Psychology health,31(8), 993-1004. Srigley, J. A., Corace, K., Hargadon, D. P., Yu, D., MacDonald, T., Fabrigar, L., Garber, G. (2015). Applying psychological frameworks of behaviour change to improve healthcare worker hand hygiene: a systematic review.Journal of Hospital Infection,91(3), 202-210. Zingg, W., Holmes, A., Dettenkofer, M., Goetting, T., Secci, F., Clack, L., ... Pittet, D. (2015). Hospital organisation, management, and structure for prevention of health-care-associated infection: a systematic review and expert consensus.The Lancet Infectious Diseases,15(2), 212-224.

Mrs. Brill Essays - Brill, , Term Papers, Research Papers

Mrs. Brill Mrs. Brill Mrs. Brill, a short story by Katherine Mansfield, takes place in Jardins Publiques seaside town in France. The story is about an elder lady by the name of Mrs. Brill who frequents a nearby park on Sundays to hear a band play. Before leaving to the park she removed her fur. Shaken of the moth powder and brushing it of Mrs. Brill admired her fur wrap. The tail was placed within its mouth and its black composite nose was no longer firm, giving the impression that the wrap was old. She decided that a little black wax would take care of the nose when it became noticeable and continued on staring and stroking it. Mrs. Brill went to the park and noticed and noted that there were a greater number of visitors this week than last. Being perceptive, she noticed that the band was player with more feeling and at a louder level. Comparing the conductor of the bands movement to that of a rooster and making note of his new coat, Mrs. Brill continued to survey her surrounding gathering every detail. Other items she caught includes; the crowd, flower bends, a beggar, and the big white bows under the flocking children about. She sat next to an old couple on the bench. The misses, a big old women wore a embroidered apron and the mister, a fine old man in a velvet coat, gripping a cane, never spoke a word. Mrs. Brill was upset at this; she enjoyed a good conversation and hoped for the couple to leave. She reminisced of the couple the previous week the women wore a Panama styled hat and nagged about needing spectacles to view the scenery, her husband suggested different styles that may suit her but she carried on stating they would most likely slip off. She didn't find that couple interesting either but felt it was better than the statue like couple sitting in her special seat. Her attention to detail was precise; describing everyone her eyes came in contact with, observing changes in people from week to week. The band now turned into an orchestra like musical, performing on stage a nd everyone including her were actors and actresses. Her feeling and thought were conveyed omnisciently and when a direct emotion wasn't recognized, context clues were used so that the reader may be able to tell how she was feeling. After the band took a break they began playing again that gave Mrs. Brill a warm, sunny, and yet a slight chill feeling that moved her, filled her eyes with tears and she gazed amongst the other members of her company. Just then a young couple came to sit down on the bench along with Mrs. Brill. They were in love and she thought of them as the hero and heroine. She listens closely and hears the young lady whisper No, not now, Not here, I can't The young man replies But why? Because of that stupid old thing at the end there implying Mrs. Brill. He continued on and Mrs. Brill could hear every word, every comment made by the two. Why doesn't she keep her old silly mug at home, and who wants her spewed from the young mans mouth and his girlfriend giggled and replied it was her fur that was so funny. This threw Mrs. Brill off of her natural high. On her way home she did not purchase a slice of honey cake as she normally did. She hurried home, upstairs to her dark room and sat down on her red eiderdown for quite a while. She then unclasped her fur and placed it in the box without looking but as she closed the box, she thought she heard something crying. English Essays